Internal-combustion engine.



D. H. GOLES.

ENTERNAL GOMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLIUATION FILED 001216. 190e.

2 BHEETS--BHEET l.

Patented Sept. 14, 1909.

gli/wanton Specification of Letters ecna,

Application filed October 16, 1963, Serial l-io. bieny 5 To all @7i/om it ina/y Comte/ffii:

' lie il 1iiioivn iliiit Divin E. (loiiiii of iii-ooklyii, Ne York, lieve invented zi new :ind iisei'iil iiiipi'oveiiient in iiiteifiiiil-Goniiiisi'ion Engines, which invention in fully nel 'orli in the ifolloiif'ing SpeiL-iliciition.

rliis invenl'ioii relates to iinpioveiiieni'ey in iiii'einiil Combustion engines of l`l'lie live-cycle type, and lies 'for its eliie object to provide nieiiiiii .vlieifeliy die pi'odiiee of Combustion may be pi'iictiezilly eliminated i'oin ilie engine cylinder during the exliiiiist stroke., enabling 'zlie Subsequent introduction and oiiin ing; of ii piiie gais und :iii iiii:\"i'ii1.'e ai' eiieli poiveif Stroke, and thereby irediicingl 'tendencies of i'foiiiingi, :ind Sei-infini; lie-.liteit sparking :ind i eater poivei.

iii'i'liei olijeeis of my invention :ire 'to increase the 'pre iiiie iii the engine o vliiidei explosiony iliei'eliy holding' f"lie pifeSSiii-e i ies olii'ee 4 xviii be nioie fully xiiiiinieii iii l'iie deliiled de n. il. ,i e of :nwiiiiiigij alie ooievln ol iliis in .'eiiiion. l ibirovide :in iiili-tiinilConiv iixiii'lioii engine, liziviiiii n giis--ligflii ei'inili seeing, ii'ii'li coiiipieesion oliiiiiibeirs preferably nioiniied on the enoiiie cylinder, @zich of seid chambers being provided 'Willi poi-is and vulves, preferably of the slide-valve ij/pe, eonii'ollilii;l ltlie Siiiiie2 one pori', opening into iie :iz-:ink aiming, niiotliei iiio lie :ii

iiiosi'ilieie :find one oi* more opening into the e eylindei'. liieiins `foi' timing lie opeiiiioii of the valves :iie :ileo provided, Siieii niiiine preferably con ieiiiglh of i series of emiis nioiiiiied on shiiizie diiveii from il'ie nieiiii power sliaiil'. of i'lie engine. Till/*lien in); iinpioveiiien is applied lo :i tivo-eyele enijine l provide 'two compression eliiinibeie Wliicli i niiify locate one on eiicli side of' tlie` cylinder, loiii pi'efeiiilily I pliiee both eliiinibers on one side. with :i View oi: siiiiplifying i ciniiiile' eligen i iiiitelyy :ind Sii ly *die engine cylinder the i`i'oiii ivii'li :in fa plosive nie iiiixliiie ivliieli is iiezii'ljv iee iff-oni iiiodiiets ol' eoiiiliiieiioii.

ln oidei i'lizi 'lie eoiiil'iiisiilile gais oi' vzipoi iiiziv lie ini'iinniely mixed in die eizinl; (inning7 iiiid also eiiziiiie the liiliiieiil'ing oil lo be disiiiiiiied.l io ilie Working` piii'ts ilieieiii, il iiii'iieiJ provide 4die rank fiiynie ivliieli are ivii'liin illie c' ii'ili iiioieclioiis prefieriiiily in lie foiin of lliinikiviiidly exlendiiiilj ii'ieinbeis oi dzieneis liiiving Scoop-fibrin ends wliieli escape die Walls of die canine' iind in llie'iif i'evoliiion diisli llie oil against the bearings und 'ihoioiiglily inizi tlie :iii' and before eiilei'ing the coiiiin'eseion eliiiinlieiS. l

in oi'i''er filmt lie invention niiiy be elefiilv iiiideisiood and i'eiidiiy eiii'i'ieil infn eileei.-6 l 'will dmri-ilie 'lie Senio ivili reference lo l i iiiejioiizil iioiiiie eiiiliodi# 1ple iii tlie :fie/xini'iiiinving (lifiiii'iiinii, iii vali ielid# i if: l l v'ii'ieiil Seciiionil view i "ie piovnied inv iiiinoveiiiei is nn end sie i nei ,'ieiv ein' fi ivitli eeieiii piiiis iiiolwii anni' lo sl'ioiv i'lie iiiieiiiii' eoiicqiiiie F" 53 in un elevaeieiiiil view ol' :i im ioii'iiigg tlie loeii'ioii oi lie conv. iiiideis on one Side 0; die evliiiis: :i mess-Section of Fi line Li'i; 53nd 6 are views iii eeiiiizil Vion :ind piii'll eievzilion and lii'okeii new lion ieeiieei'ivelv of ii foiii'-e v(le engine pio 'vided 'wiili inf; iininfoveiiieiits; Figs. T sind Fi iie viene iini'illv in deniil mid priily dizigi'iinniiei'ie snowing; l'ii'o oi" lfiie eziiiiev :ind ilie wilve inventions. y

le'eiiingg io llie diiiving's, l. :ind 2 ilijiifsinie :i iivowveie internal ioiiiliii.""ioii engine. iii i-,vnicii 'l ilie engine Cylinder wiiliiii ivliieii pings :i i'iis'ion 2. iiiiviiifi :i iliatoii iod 3 erinnected io :i iii'riiik :ii-iii fi 'fan-i' io ii. iioii'ei Siliziiilz 5. ilie Walls oZ" the engine cylinder zii'e exieiided to foi'ii'i ii zileiifd @m5-ing' (i foi" ieeeiviiig' lie working liiiiis Ooiiiieeed iviiii die iiison and lo eoiislihite ii gne and liquid-tight receptacle. On opponiie Sides of *die engine cylinder und toward llie. end iliereof iiie loeiiied tivo eliziinbein 7 and 'ivliien fiie preferably iliade integral with lie Walls oi themylindeiz biil ii is olivioiie that 'diey meg; 'oe made senin-able diere The ie'ft-liniid 4impresion eliiiniifiei 7 fd n] dem viijyei dei. pei'i'; 9

inni:

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'. 3 on ilio- Sii lie

1 which, near its lower end, communicates through a conduit with the crank casing 6, and an exhaushport 11 in proximity to inlet port 9, both trolled by a single slide valve 12 operated through a spring-pressed rod 13 engaging i the end of a rock arm 14 hinged to a lug 15 on the cylinder casing, Whicli,rock arm is voperated by a three-stepped cam 16 fasten a.

in a manner similar to that of slide valve 12 i' above described. The valve stem spring for valve 22 may be, and preferably is, however,

AWithin the Wall separating the engine cylinder and chamber.

Compression chamber 8 is in all respectsy like chamber 7, and is provided 9, 11, 20', 21, valves 12 and 22Yhaving spring pressed valve stems 13 and 49 're-` spectively. fi conduit 10- connects the chain ber 8 with casing 6. The slide valves 12l and 22 are operated by means of cams similar to those previously'described. One of these y cams 16a appears 1n Fig. l.

The crank casing isyprovided with a gas or vapor inlet pipe 23 which is yin. communication With a carbureter and controlled by a check-valve, not shown, which delivers a mixture of air and gas or vapor to the crank casing in a Well-known manner. i

The piston rod 3 is engaged by two crank arms 4 between which the rod passes in iotating' the power shaft 5. Each crank arm i is extended into a member 24 having a scoopshaped extremity 25 yadapted to litt lubricating oil in the bottoni of this compartment and dash itbver the Working parts connected Withthe piston, and is also adapted to churn and mix the explosive mixture of gases or vapors Within the crank chamber on their way to the compression cylinders 7 and 8. Y*

The piston 2 is preferably provided with a transverse recess 26 on its underside to permit it toy descend as low as possible .in the cylinder while clearing thel dasher 24. A sparking device 27 of any approved form is provided, and also pet cocks 28, 29 and 30 in the cylinders 7 and 8 and crank easing 6. My two-cycle engine as thus far described operates as followsz-t is assumed that the piston is 1n= position to receive an impulsel from explosion of the gases contained in the left-hand cylinder 7 compressed therein at a previou's cycle in the operation. The valves will be positioned by their respective cams to close ports 9, 11,- 11', 20 and l21 and open ports 20, 21 and' 9'. GrasI inlet 23 will be of which ports are con# with ports The tWoposi'tions of valve 2duringlthe I i same period of operation of the piston is shown at the right in Fig. 8. During the power stro te, ports 9 and 11 'are closed by valve 12 which is held in closed position by the second haltl of the intermediate long step of cam 16. Ports 20 and -21 have uncovered by valve 22, which will he heid in open position by thelow step ot' cam i@ during its next halt' revolution or during the power stroke and the ,return-exhaust stroke, as indicated in vthe vaine scheine shown in Fig. 8. Ports 20qand' 21 have been closed by valve 22 operated bgeam 16"* and will ieinain closed by its high step dui-` ing the period that vatves 20' andi/1 are open. Port'Q is opened andp'ortf i1 is closed by valve 12 during the above power4 stroke by a cam in ali respects iike 'cam 1d Aabove described. Gas inlet isleontrolled shown. The openings in vaive are adapted to register one at a time with their correl spending ports, but not both at a time. f The saine is true of vaive l2.

'by a check-valve or equivalent means, not- With the valves arranged as above de scribed for the power stroke, gases previousiy confined under pressure in chamber 7 escape through port 2O into the piston cylinder and areexploded by s arking of the spark plut 27. The increase pressure of the exploded ies gases "imparts tothe piston its' Working stroke which is materially accelerated as the 'piston passes port 21 through which the gases enter the cylinder to give additional power to the stroke. During the Working)- stroke a fresh charge of gas previously drawn inte chamber t3 through pipe. 23 is driven through open port 9', and compressed into chamber 8 therein to be held 'under pressure during the next er exhaust stroke of the piston. When the piston reaches the end' of its first power stroke, port ii opens by lifting ot' valve 12 by the high step on cani 16, While port 9 remains closed' and port 9f is closed by its yvalve 12', which is lifted by the intermediate ste s of its cam, which, .as p previously'explaine is like cam 16 but difz vferently timed. Port 11 remains closed as do Orts 20 and 21' during. the exhaust stro (e, and ports 20 and 21 remain open, `as explained. lDuring the exhaust stroke plston 2 expels the products off combustioii from the engine cylinder through ports 2G, 21, and

its I exhaust port 11, and draws in afresh charge of gas through supply inlet 23 from thc carbureter. During this stroke a charge of gas has been held -under compression in chamber 8 ready to be exploded. 'lhepiston has now received an impulse and expelled substantially all combustion products from the engine cylinder in one revolution ot' the power shaft and is ready to receive au impluse from the explosion of the charge held in cylinder S.. The same cycle of operations is now repeated with the. charge of gas in c vlinde'r 8 while gas is compressed and held under pressure in cylinder 7.

By reason o f the construction described,'l a charge of pure gas or vapor and air has been thoroughly mixed in the 4crank casing by the dasher 24 and passed into one compression chamber and held therein while gases of combustion are expelled from the engine cylinder, thereby preventing in a` large measure the dilution of` the' freslr `charge with the products of combustion, as in the'case 'where the incoming charge lis used to wash out the burned gases. The piston is given one impulse in each revolution of the shaft and greater power is given to the stroke, enabling thelengine to run on a lower speed, thereby reducing wear and vibration of the engine." The desired s eed in the in acline. to be driven. is secure by gearing'up on thedriving-shaft, a procedure particularly to be desired inl-unmng Vmotor cars.

Above is described a twocycle engine having the compression chamberson opposite sides of the engine cylinder. The two chambers may, and preferably are, placed on one side of the (.rylinder, asillustrated diagrammatically in Figs. 3 and 4, thereby avoiding one extra set of drive gears.

ln Figs. 5 and 6 my improvement-is shown as applied to a four-cycleinternal combustion engine, which is provided with a crank /casing as previolsly described. 30' is a compression chamber associated with tht` engine cylinder. 3l and 32 are ports between the engine cylinder and chamber adapted to be both opened or both closed by slide-valve 38 operated through a spring pressed vulve stem-38 engaging at its lower end a two stepped cam 36 similar to cam 16, Fig. 1. An exhaust port opening into pipe 37( and an inlet port 34 opening into pipe 3'? are controlled by slide-valve 35 having two openings either of which is adapted to register with its port while the other is out of register with the other port. This valve is operated'through a spring-pressed stem 50 35 piroted to a levcrft. the opposite extremity of which ridcsyon a three-stepped cam 39: Fig. t. and of the form above di scribed `aud shown in Fig. T, but reversed. The inlet, port-34 communicates with the crank casing through a conduit 3?.

.stroke of .the piston.

a succession of impulses to t v a On one sigle and-near the end of the engine cylinder' are 'gas-supply /1nlet ports 43 and 45 leading to the engine cylinder and crank casing 6 respectively'. Ports 43and l 45 are'controlledtby a' slide valvev 44 having two openings either of which may register with its port or both may be out of register. Valve -ll operated'by a' spring pressed stem 46, the lo\\'er `cud of which vrides Zon a three-stepped `ca1n4 of the form shown in Fig. 7.. Cams Bti-'and 39 are mounted on shaft 40' and Icam ILT is mounted on shaft- 40. Said shafts are driven by gears 41 and t1 meshing with gears 42', Asilthaving half the diameter vof the former and fast on the-drive shaft. c f 4,

Starting with'the partsin position shown in Figs and G on the suction stroke, ports 43 and 3-t are open, andv ports 45, 31, 32 and 33 are closed. Gas or' vapor is drawn from a carburetor, not" shown, through port 43 into the-engine cylinder. At the -same time. as gas'entcrs the cylinder, a previous charge in the crank casing is lforced by the back of'the piston 2 intochanber 30 through open 'port 34 and therein compressed. On the compression stmke,'ports43 and 34' close "while ports 31; 32',--333and,45 rema'i'n'closed.

At the termination of the compression covered rin succession' to deliver 'the highly compressed gus inf chiimb'er 3Q to'l the vengine cylinder to be ignited und increase the cylinder pressure throughout the whole 0n the last or fourth stroke valve 44 is lifted its full height. by the high stepfon cam 47, opening port 45 to'th'e carbureter and holding portt closed. Ports 31 and 32 remain open and`valve is lifted to re ister its upper opening with port. 33 while roeping port 34 closed. The piston 'then expels the products of combustion from the engine cylinder while drawing in a fresh charge o f gas into the caslng to be delivered to chamber 30 on thenext'stroke of the piston. y

instead of employing one compression chamber more than one ma be used to give iie piston, preferably, however, on this type of engine one chamber is used.

Itwill be observed that the piston on its exhaust stroke travels to near the end of the engine cylinder, thereby reducing the clearance space to the minimum, and enabling the expulsion of substantially all the products of combustion from the cylinder before drawing in a pure charge directly from the carbureter or other fuel supply while storing under high pressure a charge to be delivered `compression chamber and having a gas rel'luider pressure therein .during an exhaust 'cylinder to expl .piston therein,two gas compression chambers, each of sald cha -cessively uncovered by said piston, valve Asaid chambers alternatel y trollinl 'said ports to 'Y by sai4 'to be he during the working stroke of the piston to hold up the pressure onthe same to the end of its stroke.

YVha-t I claim is 1. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of an engine cylinder having a piston therein, a crank casing forming a rear ceiving port, two gas compression chambers each communicating with said engine cylinder and casing on opposite sides of said'piston,- and valve means forypermitting gas to pass under pressure from said casing into said chambers alternately,-to hold ,said gas .stroke and to deliver 'said gas to the engine cylinder and 'an i niter located inthe engine e the gas therein upon the face of the piston on a working stroke.

2. In an internal. combustion engine,-the combination of lan engine cylinder having a mbers communicating with. said cylinder by a plurality of ports sucmeans controllin each set of said ports to admit compresse port between each of sai rear of saidcylinder,

` sai l v engine compression chamber.and having a gasa-e'-A ceiving sionchamber fast' to one side of said'cylinder, each of said com artments being in communication with said? cylinder and casing on opposite sides of said p1ston,Va-lve means for permitting gas to pass said casing into said compartments. 'altergas under pressure in' each compartment through anexhau'st stroke of.

plstonand to deliver said gas to the engine upon the-face of the stroke.

4. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of an piston therein, tryo compression chambers' each of which communicates with said A deron opposite sides of said piston,valv' cylinder to explode the gas therein piston on 'a Working .means' for. delivering compressed gas "from- 1 said chambers to said cylinder alternately,

valve means for delivering gas compressed in the rear of said cylinder to said chambers alternately to be held under pressure in 'said chambers alternately through thev exhaust port,'a two compartment compres- 40 under pressure from '45 cylinder, and an igniter locatedin the'i50 engine cylinder having a 55 stroke of saidpistonran igniter in the engine cylinder to explode the A face of the piston in a working stroke, anda A valve controlled exhaust port 1n each of said.`

chambers.

gastherein upon the K' In' testimony whereof I have signed' this 70 presence of two subscrib` DAVID H. .coLEs specification in the -ing witnesses. y i

' Witnesses;

RALPH L. SCOTT, lVnm'Ano H. HARTING. 

